Objective To explore the association between maternal dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake during pregnancy and neuropsychological development in 2-year-old children, in order to provide a scientific basis for promoting children's neuropsychological development. Methods Based on a prospective birth cohort established at the Yuexiu District Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Guangzhou from March 2017 to November 2018, a food frequency questionnaire with good reliability and validity was used to investigate the dietary intake and nutrient supplement use of women in the second trimester of pregnancy over the past month. Based on this information, the intake of PUFAs during pregnancy was calculated. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3) was used to assess the neuropsychological development of 2-year-old children. Multivariable Logistic regression models were used for association analysis. Results A total of 261 mother-child pairs were included. The average intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy was 17.59g/d and 1.10g/d, respectively, with an n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 20.21. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the lowest quartile group (Q1), higher maternal intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) during pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of abnormalities in the fine motor skills domain (OR=0.21, 95%CI: 0.06 - 0.72, P<0.05), and higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake was associated with reduced risks of abnormalities in the communication domain (OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.13 - 0.99) and the personal-social domain (OR=0.26, 95%CI: 0.09 - 0.75), respectively (P<0.05). Higher total n-6 PUFA (OR=3.19, 95%CI: 1.09 - 9.31) and linoleic acid (LA) intake (OR=3.28, 95%CI: 1.13 - 5.85) during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of abnormalities in the problem-solving domain (P<0.05). High n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios (OR=2.81, 95%CI: 1.02 - 7.71; OR=3.83, 95%CI: 1.18 - 12.50) and high LA/α-linolenic acid (ALA) ratios (OR=3.04, 95%CI: 1.10 - 8.42) were associated with an increased risk of abnormalities in the gross motor and fine motor skills domains (P<0.05). No statistical associations were found between other PUFAs and neuropsychological development in 2-year-old children(P>0.05). Conclusion Increasing maternal dietary intake of DHA and EPA during pregnancy and reasonably controlling the intake of n-6 PUFAs and LA, as well as the ratios of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs and LA to ALA, are of great significance for improving children's neuropsychological development.
Key words
polyunsaturated fatty acid /
neuropsychological development /
children
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