Objective To compare the vitamin D levels among children with different developmental and behavioral disorders, and to analyze the correlation between vitamin D levels and core symptoms. Methods The 25(OH)D test data, general demographic information, and clinical diagnosis information of 19 119 children from September 2018 to November 2022 at Xiamen Children's Hospital were collected. After excluding physical diseases and drug interference factors, 1 311 children with developmental and behavioral disorders were included as the developmental and behavioral disorder group, and 2 969 typically developing children were included as the typical development group. A retrospective case-control study design was adopted, and propensity scores were used to perform a 1∶1 match for the two confounding variables of age and gender. The differences in 25(OH)D levels were analyzed between the developmental and behavioral disorder group and the typical development group, as well as between the typical development group and the groups with language development disorder(LD), tic disorder(TD), global developmental delay(GDD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder(ASD). Results In both age groups of 36 to 72 months and 72 months to 12 years, the 25(OH)D levels in the developmental and behavioral disorder group were significantly lower than those in the typical development group(t=2.252, 5.343, P<0.05). Within the developmental and behavioral disorder group, age was moderately negatively correlated with 25(OH)D(r=-0.525, P<0.001). The 25(OH)D levels in the ASD and ADHD groups were significantly lower than those in the typical development group, and the risks of ASD(OR=0.970) and ADHD(OR=0.960) were negatively correlated with 25(OH)D. Conclusions Children with developmental and behavioral disorders, similar to typically developing children, exhibit a decreasing trend in 25(OH)D levels as they age. Children with developmental and behavioral disorders have lower vitamin D levels compared to typically developed children, with the most significant decreases observed in those with ASD and ADHD.
Key words
developmental behavioral disorders /
typically developed children /
25(OH) D /
propensity score
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