Objective To develop the Chinese Preschool Children Social Emotional and Communication Development Assessment Scale (CSECA), and to test its reliability and validity, in order to provide an objective standard for early intervention in clinical child care and mental health. Methods The scale development followed internationally recognized procedures and sampled 2 009 children aged 3 - 6 from Xi'an, Foshan, Jiujiang, and Tianshui using convenience sampling from December 2021 to December 2022. Then initial items were generated through interviews, and factor analysis was utilized for item screening and validity testing. Criterion-related validity was assessed through using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as a criterion measure. Results 1) The scale included five dimensions: sense of control, autonomy, emotional management, social skills, and emotional responsiveness, then the scale was divided into four subscales with 22, 24, 26, and 29 items, respectively. All subscales demonstrated good content validity, structural validity, and criterion validity, with cumulative variance contributions ranging from 57.80% to 66.58%. 2) The overall Cronbach′s α coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.81 to 0.90, with individual dimension coefficients being 0.71 - 0.90. Criterion-related validity of CSECA varied from 0.573 to 0.849. Test-retest reliability for total scores of subscales was 0.78 - 0.89, and 0.51 - 0.58 for dimensions. 3) Scoring standards were categorized into four levels based on percentile ranges: <P10, P10 - P50, P50 - P90, and >P90, which were classified as low, general, good, and excellent level, respectively. 4) The positive rates of early warning signs for social emotional and communication skills were 9.38% for 3-year-old children, 29.44% for 4-year-old children, 11.80% for 5-year-old children, and 8.23% for 6-year-old children, with 4-year-old children displaying a notably higher detection rate in social emotions compared to other age groups. Conclusion The CSECA scale is successfully established and initially applied in clinical settings, which demonstrated a stable factor structure and good reliability and validity.
Key words
preschool children /
social emotional and communication skills /
scale /
reliability and validity
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