Objective To analyze the early growth trajectory of full-term small for gestational age(SGA) infants, and to discuss the influencing factors of catch-up growth, so as to provide scientific basis for clinical management of SGA. Methods Full-term(37 weeks ≤ gestational age <42 weeks) SGA infants who took physical examination and follow-up regularly in the Department of Child Health Care in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January to December 2022 were selected in the study group. Full-term appropriate for gestational age(AGA) infants born in the same period were selected in the control group according to 1∶1 match based on gestational age and gender. Z score was used to calculate growth rate and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of catch-up growth. Results A total of 154 infants were included, including 76 SAG cases and 78 AGA cases. There were no statistical differences in gestational age, gender, delivery and feeding mode between the two groups(P＞0.05). No differences in △WAZ and △LAZ were observed between SGA and AGA at 0 months of age(t＝-1.158,-1.149, P＞0.05). The growth accelerated remarkably at 1 - 6 months old and 7 - 12 months old, △WAZ and △LAZ were significantly higher than those of AGA group(t=3.114, 2.494, 4.170, 3.587, P＜0.001). The rate of catch-up growth in SGA group was 81.6%at 12 months of age, which mainly ccurred within 6 months old when the weight growth rate was (0.71±0.16)kg/month and the length growth rate was (3.29±0.33)cm/month, significantly higher than those of the non catch-up group [(0.47±0.06)kg/month,(2.75±0.48)cm/month, t＝-6.790,-2.341, P＜0.05]. No difference was observed in the growth rate of body weight and length at 7 - 12 months of age between the two groups(P>0.05). The proportion of boys was higher in the catch-up group and their bone mass density(BMD) Z score(-1.56±0.87) was lower than that in the non catch-up group at 6 months(0.51±1.13,t=2.071, P=0.046), while no statistical difference existed at 12 months of age(P＞0.05). Conclusions Full-term SGA infants show accelerated catch-up growth and dynamic changes in growth indicators. Catch-up growth occurrs obviously in the first 6 months after birth, more in boys and possibly results in early bone mineral deficiency.
Key words
small for gestational age /
full-term /
catch-up growth
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