Objective To analyze the correlation of different chronic restrained programs with depressive behavior and learning and memory ability in adolescent mice, in order to discuss the effects of leptin (LP) on depression, learning and memory disorders induced by chronic restrained stress, and its related receptor mechanism. Methods Totally 70 healthy male C57 mice aged 3 to 4 weeks after birth were subjected to low-intensity (2h)/high-intensity (4h) chronic restrained stress for 10 consecutive days. Then the ideal bondage model was chosen. LP was injected intraperitoneally, and the depressive behavior of the mice was observed by open field test (OFT). Morris water maze was used to detect their learning and memory abilities. ELISA was used to determine the expression of serum LP. The expression of NMDAR1 and GABAR in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was detected by Western blotting. Results In OFT, the residence time in the central region of HCRS mice was significantly lower than that in control group[HCRS:(95.2±17.3)s, control:(157.1±25.5)s, P<0.01], which in HCRS + saline group was significantly lower than that of sham group[(97.7±25.1)s vs. (148.6±24.8)s, P<0.01]. The central area residence time of HCRS + H-LP group was close to that of sham group. In the navigation experiment of Morris water maze, the escape latency of HCRS mice in four quadrants was lower than that of control group, which had no statistical difference between HCRS+H-LP and sham mice. The average number of station crossings in Morris water maze was lower in HCRS group than that of control group (HCRS: 2.1±0.9, control: 4.2±1.9, P<0.05), and there was no statistical difference between HCRS+H-LP and sham group. Serum LP level in HCRS group (4.2±1.3) was significantly lower than that in control group (10.4±2.9, P<0.01), and there was no statistical difference between the HCRS+H-LP and sham group. The expression level of NMDR1 in mPFC in HCRS group was significantly lower than that in control group. After high LP injection, the expression level of NMDR1 was close to normal group. Conclusions High chronic restrained stress can cause mood, learning and memory disorders in adolescent mice. Chronic systemic application of high concentration LP can improve these disorders, which may be related to the decreased expression level of NMDAR1 in mPFC.
Key words
depression /
learning and memory /
leptin /
chronic restrained stress
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