Objective To understand the characteristics of body composition of preschool children in Nanjing, in order to provide clues for enriching the content of children's health evaluation. Methods A total of 2 010 children aged 3 to 6 years who took physical examination in Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were enrolled in this study. All participants were measured for height and weight, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body composition. The test indicators included height, weight, body mass index(BMI), protein, inorganic, total body water(TBW), body moisture, muscle mass, skeletal muscle, body fat mass, etc. Results Body composition was related to gender. The height, weight, BMI, protein percentage, body water percentage, muscle mass percentage, lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass percentage of boys were significantly higher than those of girls, while PBF was significantly lower than that of girls (t=3.50, 3.61, 2.72, 6.97, 7.49, 7.35, 7.06, 8.32, -7.22, P＜0.05). The BMI and body fat percentage of boys and girls significantly differed among the age groups (FBMI=23.78, 13.66, FPBF=32.34, 9.82, P＜0.05), and all showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing with age, with the 3- and 4-year-old groups being higher than the 5-year-old group and the 6-year-old group being higher than the 5-year-old group. The height and weight of preschool chidren were positively correlated with the percentage of skeletal muscle(r＝0.663,0.573,0.557,0.304,P<0.05), and BMI was positively correlated with the percentage of body fat (r=0.555, 0.617, P<0.05). Conclusions In addition to height and weight, there are also obvious changes in the body composition of preschool children. It is necessary to understand the growth of body composition of preschool children comprehensively and enrich the assessment content of children's nutritional status.
Key words
body composition /
bioelectrical impedance analysis /
preschool children
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