Objective To investigate the cranial morphological characteristics and influencing factors of plagiocephaly in infants and children aged 3 to 18 months, so as to provide guidance and basis for the prevention and intervention of cranial anomalies in infants and children. Methods A total of 228 infants with plagiocephaly determined during physical examination in Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January to December 2019 were selected as the case group, and 394 infants with normal skull shape were selected as the control group. Gender and age were matched between the two groups. The clinical characteristics of the case group were analyzed, and the influencing factors of plagiocephaly were analyzed by comparing the differences of basic information, maternal pregnancy and childbirth history, sleep posture and bone mineral density between the two groups. Results 1) The proportion of males in plagiocephaly group was higher than that of females. In term of age, the proportion of plagiocephaly in infants aged 6 months ± 7 days was the highest, then the proportion of plagiocephaly decreased with the increase of age. The detection rate of brachycephaly was the highest, and statistically significant difference in the type of cephalic malformations was found among different age (χ2=34.409) and severity(χ2=11.404) groups(P<0.05). 2) Univariate analysis showed that there were statistical differences in single/twin (χ2= 4.724), neonatal head injury history (χ2=8.430), sleep posture (χ2=23.881) and bone mineral density (t=2.771) between case group and control group (P<0.05). 3) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age(taking 3 months ± 7 days group as the reference, 6 months ± 7 days group OR=3.720, 95%CI:1.959 - 7.16, P<0.05; 8 months ± 7 days group OR =3.181, 95%CI:1.449 - 6.984, P<0.05; 12 months ± 7 days group OR=3.195, 95%CI:1.281 - 7.966, P <0.05) and twins (OR=3.950, 95%CI:1.227 - 12.717, P<0.05) were risk factors for plagiocephaly, while mixed sleeping posture (OR=0.209, 95%CI:0.129 - 0.338, P<0.05) and bone mineral density (OR=0.763, 95% CI:0.636 - 0.917, P<0.05) were protective factors of infant plagiocephaly. Conclusions Age, twins, sleep posture and bone density are important influencing factors of infant plagiocephaly. With the growth of infant age, the plagiocephaly may be improved, and further longitudinal research is still needed to verify the influencing factors of infant plagiocephaly.
Key words
infant /
plagiocephaly /
cranial morphology
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