Trends of malnutrition, overweight and obesity in preschool children in Beijing from 2000 to 2020

YANG Xiao-chen; HE Hui; YUN Qing-ping; LI Yi-chen; CHANG Chun

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0714

PDF(623 KB)

Chinese Journal of Child Health Care ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1) : 21-26. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0714

Original Articles

Trends of malnutrition, overweight and obesity in preschool children in Beijing from 2000 to 2020

YANG Xiao-chen¹, HE Hui², YUN Qing-ping¹, LI Yi-chen², CHANG Chun¹

Author information +

History +

Abstract

Objective To analyze the trends of malnutrition, overweight and obesity of preschool children in Beijing, and to evaluate the urban-rural difference of children′s growth trends. Methods Data were extracted from five national physical fitness surveillance surveys in Beijing from 2000 to 2020, and the growth indicators of 31 117 children aged 3 to 6 years were calculated. Chi-squared and Cochran-Armitage tests were used to estimate trends in these indicators. Results Compared to 2000, the prevalence rates of stunting, underweight and wasting decreased from 1.5%, 1.4%, 0.9% to 0.6%, 0.6%, 0.8%, while the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 17.1%, 4.8% to 20.1%, 9.6%, respectively. Less than 1% of boys and girls in both urban and rural areas were stunted or underweight in 2020. Rural boys and girls have shown a higher prevalence of obesity than urban children since 2010, as well as the prevalence of overweight since 2014. From 2000 to 2020, rural boys and girls had declining trends in malnutrition(including stunting and underweight) rates, and rising trends in overweight and obesity rates(P<0.001). Urban girls had polarized nutrition status from 2000 to 2020, with an increasing rate of wasting(Z=2.426, P＝0.015) and an increasing rate obesity(Z=3.405, P=0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of malnutrition decreases among rural children, while the sustained rising prevalence of overweight and obesity had surpassed that of urban children. Therefore, effective nutrition policies and health strategies are warranted to address the urban-rural disparities in child growth and development.

Key words

malnutrition / overweight and obesity / urban-rural disparity / children

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

YANG Xiao-chen, HE Hui, YUN Qing-ping, LI Yi-chen, CHANG Chun. Trends of malnutrition, overweight and obesity in preschool children in Beijing from 2000 to 2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care. 2023, 31(1): 21-26 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2022-0714

References

[1] Nguyen AN, Jen V, Jaddoe VWV, et al. Diet quality in early and mid-childhood in relation to trajectories of growth and body composition[J]. Clin Nutr, 2020, 39(3):845-852.
[2] 张继国, 王志宏, 黄绯绯, 等. 1991～2018年中国儿童青少年膳食模式的变迁[J]. 营养学报, 2021, 43(3):213-217.
Zhang JG, Wang ZH, Huang FF, et al. Changing trends in dietary patterns among chinese children and adolescents from 1991 to 2018[J]. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, 2021, 43(3):213-217.
[3] 中国营养学会膳食指南修订专家委员会妇幼人群指南修订专家工作组. 学龄前儿童膳食指南(2016)[J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2017, 35(2):158-160.
Chinese Nutrition Society Dietary Guidelines Revision Expert Committee Expert Working Group on Revision of Maternal and Child Health Guidelines. Dietary guidelines for preschool children(2016)[J]. J Clin Pediatr, 2017, 35(2):158-160.
[4] Wells JC, Sawaya AL, Wibaek R, et al. The double burden of malnutrition:Aetiological pathways and consequences for health[J]. Lancet, 2020, 395(10217):75-88.
[5] 首都儿科研究所九市儿童体格发育调查协作组. 2015年中国九市七岁以下儿童体格发育调查[J]. 中华儿科杂志, 2018, 56(3):192-199.
Nine City Children Physical Development Survey Collaboration Group. A national survey on physical growth and development of children under seven years of age in nine cities of China in 2015[J]. Chin J Pediatr, 2018, 56(3):192-199.
[6] Zhang Q, Li H, Wu HH, et al. Secular trends in weight, height and weight for height among children under 7 years in nine cities of China, 1975-2015:Results from five repeated cross-sectional surveys[J]. BMJ Open,2019,9(10):e029201.
[7] 国家卫生健康委疾病预防控制局. 中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2021.
National Health Commission Disease Prevention and Control Bureau. Report on the nutrition and chronic diseases status of Chinese residents 2020[M]. Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House,2021.
[8] Yu DM, Zhao LY, Yang ZY, et al. Comparison of undernutrition prevalence of children under 5 years in China between 2002 and 2013[J]. Biomed Environ Sci,2016,29(3):165-176.
[9] Zong XN, Li H, Zhu ZH. Secular trends in height and weight for healthy Han children aged 0-7 years in China, 1975—2005[J]. Am J Hum Biol, 2011, 23(2):209-215.
[10] Zhang YQ, Li H, Wu HH, et al. The 5th national survey on the physical growth and development of children in the nine cities of China:Anthropometric measurements of Chinese children under 7 years in 2015[J]. Am J Phys Anthropol,2017,163(3):497-509.
[11] Popkin BM, Corvalan C, Grummer-Strawn LM. Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and the changing nutrition reality[J]. Lancet, 2020,395(10217):65-74.
[12] Dong Y, Ma Y, Dong B, et al. Geographical variation and urban-rural disparity of overweight and obesity in Chinese school-aged children between 2010 and 2014:Two successive national cross-sectional surveys[J]. BMJ Open,2019,9(4):e025559.
[13] 杜曼. 改革开放以来北京辖区(县)行政区域调整效果研究[D]. 北京:首都经济贸易大学, 2015.
Du M. Effect of administrative divisions adjustment of Beijing since the reform and opening up[D].Beijing:Capital university of economics and business, 2015.
[14] 杨静. 北京区县差异化发展比较与分析[J]. 当代经济,2015,31(1):96-99.
Yang J. Comparison and analysis of differentiated development of districts and counties in Beijing[J]. Contemporary Economics, 2015, 31(1):96-99.
[15] (Ncd-Risc) NRFC. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories:A pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants[J]. Lancet,2020,396(10261):1511-1524.
[16] 中华人民共和国国务院. 国务院关于印发中国妇女发展纲要和中国儿童发展纲要的通知[N/OL]. 中华人民共和国国务院公报, 2021,29:13-52.(2021-09-08)http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-09/27/content_5639412.htm
State Council of the People′s Republic of China. Circular of the state council on printing and issuing the outline for the development of Chinese women and children[N/OL]. Gazette of the State Council of the People′s Republic of China, 2021,29:13-52.(2021-09-08)http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-09/27/content_5639412.htm
[17] 国家统计局社会科技和文化产业统计司.2020中国妇女儿童状况统计资料[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社,2020.
National Bureau of Statistics, Social Science and Technology and Cultural Industry Statistics Division. Statistics on the Situation of Chinese Women and Children in 2020[M]. Beijing:China Statistical Publishing House, 2020.
[18] United Nations Children′s Fund, World Health Organization, World Bank Group. Levels and trends in child malnutrition:UNICEF/WHO/The World Bank Group joint child malnutrition estimates:Key findings of the 2021 edition[EB/OL].(2021-05-05)[2022-05-14]. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240025257
[19] Avula R, Nguyen PH, Tran LM, et al. Reducing childhood stunting in India:Insights from four subnational success cases[J]. Food Secur, 2022(1):1-13.
[20] 刘禹希. 城乡统筹视野下北京郊区村庄规划发展研究[D].北京:清华大学, 2015.
Liu YX. Research on spatial development of peri-urban villages in Beijing region in the prospective of urban-rural integration[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University, 2015.
[21] 北京市统计局,国家统计局北京调查总队.北京市2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[N]. 北京日报, 2018-02-27(003).
Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics. Statistic Bulletin of National Economy and Social Development of the City of Beijing in the Year 2017[N]. Beijing Daily, 2018-02-27(003).
[22] 沈恬, 金星明, 施榕. 上海市3城区1～6岁饮食行为问题儿童交互式干预体格生长评价[J]. 中国循证儿科杂志, 2011, 6(5):354-357.
Shen T, Jin XM,Shi R. Physical growth evaluation on interactive intervention among 1-6 years age children with dietary behavior problems in 3 urban districts of Shanghai[J]. Chin J Evid Based Pediatr, 2011, 6(5):354-357.
[23] Wang S, Li W, Qiao Y, et al. Abnormal glucose in pre-school children and the association with obesity/physical activity:A large population-based study[J]. Diabetes Metab Res Rev,2021,37(7):e3442.
[24] Ji M, Tang A, Zhang Y, et al. The relationship between obesity, sleep and physical activity in Chinese preschool children[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health,2018,15(3):527-536.
[25] 刘慧然, 王晓飞, 陆大江. 2017年上海市3～6岁幼儿体质水平及超重肥胖的调查研究[J]. 中国妇幼保健,2019,34(14):3296-3299.
Liu HR, Wang XF, Lu DJ. Physical fitness and overweight and obesity of children aged 3-6 years in Shanghai in 2017[J]. Maternal and Child Health Care of China,2019, 34(14):3296-3299.
[26] Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980—2013:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013[J]. Lancet, 2014, 384(9945):766-781.
[27] (Ncd-Risc) NRFC. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016:A pooled analysis of 2 416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults[J]. Lancet,2017,390(10113):2627-2642.
[28] NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults[J]. Nature,2019,569(7755):260-264.
[29] Adair LS, Fall CHD, Osmond C, et al. Associations of linear growth and relative weight gain during early life with adult health and human capital in countries of low and middle income:Findings from five birth cohort studies[J]. The Lancet,2013,382(9891):525-534.
[30] Chen Y, Wang Y, Chen Z, et al. The effects of rapid growth on body mass index and percent body fat:A meta-analysis[J]. Clin Nutr,2020, 39(11):3262-3272.
[31] Munthali RJ, Kagura J, Lombard Z, et al. Early life growth predictors of childhood adiposity trajectories and future risk for obesity:Birth to twenty cohort[J]. Child Obes,2017,13(5):384-391.
[32] Garrido-Miguel M, Oliveira A, Cavero-Redondo I, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among European preschool children:A systematic review and Meta-regression by food group consumption[J]. Nutrients, 2019, 11(7):1698-1712.
[33] Lee EY, Yoon KH. Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents:Risk factors and prevention[J].Front Med,2018,12(6):658-666.
[34] Weihrauch-Blüher S, Wiegand S. Risk factors and implications of childhood obesity[J]. Curr Obes Rep,2018,7(4):254-259.
[35] Williams AM, Suchdev PS. Assessing and improving childhood nutrition and growth globally[J]. Pediatr Clin North Am,2017,64(4):755-768.
[36] Nittari G, Scuri S, Petrelli F, et al. Fighting obesity in children from European World Health Organization member states. Epidemiological data, medical-social aspects, and prevention programs[J]. Clin Ter, 2019, 170(3):e223-e230.
[37] Di Cesare M, Soric′ M, Bovet P, et al. The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood:A worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action[J]. BMC Med,2019,17(1):212.