Objective To investigate the feeding practices and their effects on the nutrient biomarkers of the preterm children after introduction of complementary foods, so as to give effective nutrition advice during introduction of complementary foods. Methods A total of 210 preterm children at the corrected age of 8 to 24 months old were enrolled in this study from Foshan Women and Children Hospital from March to August, 2020. Feeding practice and nutrient biomarkers data were collected. The correlation between nutrient biomarkers and feeding factors was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results 1) Totally 16.2% and 9.0% of the subjects took less cereal or milk than recommended respectively, while 29.0% took less animal food, 19.5% did not regularly intake vitamin D. Meanwhile, 66.2% could not guarantee at least 1 hour of outdoor activity per day, only 19.0% still took iron supplement as recommended. 2) Totally 5.2% of the subjects suffered from anemia, but 42.4% were with serum iron < 12 μmol/L and 11.9% with ferritin < 12 μg/L, 9.0% were with alkaline phosphatase > 350 U/L, 4.3% were with calcium-phosphorus product < 4, none suffered from vitamin D insufficiency, hypoalbuminemia or hypoglycemia. 3) After adjusting multi-factors, it was found that increase of cereal intake could raise hemoglobin(β=3.434,P=0.001) level, but reduce serum vitamin D(β=-5.858,P=0.002) level. Increase of animal food could raise serum iron(β=1.471,P=0.002) and ferritin(β=13.075,P=0.003) level, but reduce triglyceride(β=-0.267,P=0.029) level. Supplement of iron could raise serum ferritin(β=26.042,P=0.019), phosphorus(β=0.157,P=0.024) and calcium-phosphorus product(β=0.614,P=0.007) level. Increase of milk intake could raise calcium-phosphorus product(β=0.237,P=0.039) level and reduce alkaline phosphatase(β=-55.171,P=0.007) level. Conclusions The risk of iron deficiency might be higher than other nutrition related diseases for the preterm children after introduction of complementary foods. Cereal, animal food and milk intake, as well as iron supplements could mutually affect the homeostasis of calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin D and lipid metabolism. Therefore, dietary balance should be emphasized when giving nutrition advice.
Key words
preterm /
complementary foods /
nutrients
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