Objective To explore the mediating effect of infants and young children's appetite traits (food approach, food avoidance) between caregivers' positive feeding behavior (encouraging healthy diet, monitoring and autonomy support) and body mass index(BMI) of infants and young children, as well as the moderating effect of infants and young children's temperament in the first of the pathway, and to provide reference for the development of intervention strategies to improve appetite characteristics and BMI of infants. Method A total of 322 caregivers were selected from the Child Health Care Department of a grade A tertiary hospital in Qingdao city in May 2021, and were surveyed by Comprehensive Feeding Practice Questionnaire, Infants and Young Children's Feeding Behavior Questionnaire, Feeding Strategy Questionnaire, Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Infant Behavior Questionnaire and Children's Behavior Questionnaire. Results Only the correlations of food approach, autonomy support and infant and young children's BMI were significant. Detailed, food approach was negatively correlated with autonomy support(r＝-0.769, P＜0.01), positively correlated with infant and young children's BMI(r=0.680, P＜0.01), and autonomy support was negatively correlated with infant and young children's BMI(r＝-0.548, P＜0.01). The direct effect of autonomy support on infant and young children's BMI was not significant (β＝-0.082, P>0.05), but the indirect effect of autonomy support on infant and young children's BMI was -0.416 mainly through food approach. Among the different temperament types of infants and young children, only effortful control moderated the relationship between autonomy support and food approach (△R2=0.031,P<0.01). Specifically, compared with individual with low effortful control, the influence of autonomy support on food approach was less in those with high effortful control autonomy support. Conclusions Food approach plays a complete mediating role between autonomy support and BMI of infants and young children, and effort control plays a moderating role in the relationship between autonomy support and food approach. Therefore, in order to improve BMI of infants and young children, appetite traits of infants and young children should be cultivated at beginning. Medical staff are suggested to provide feeding behavior guidance for caregivers based on effortful control level of infants and young children to improve the appetite traits and BMI of infants and young children.
Key words
infants and young children /
positive feeding behavior /
appetite traits /
temperament /
body mass index
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