Objective To explore the temperament type, temperament dimension levels and influencing factors of infants with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA), so as to provide basis for early family nurturing of infants with CMPA. Methods From January 2019 to December 2020, 102 infants who took typical physical examination in the Child Health Center ofFujiar Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital were enrolled as the control group, and 102 infants with CMPA aged 4 to 8 months in the allergy specialist clinic were enrolled as the case group. All infants were evaluated by Chinese Infant Temperament Scale (CITS) and Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS). Vitamin D level was measured in all infants and maternal anxiety was measured using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Results A significant difference was found in infants' temperament types between the two groups (χ²=51.866, P<0.05). Except persistence and distractibility at the temperament dimension, the scores of activity level, rhythmicity, approach-withdrawal, adaptability, intensity of reaction, mood and threshold of responsiveness of infants in CMPA group were higher than those in control group (t=5.713,4.154,4.844,5.052,5.067,4.138,4.787,P<0.05). The CoMiSS scores of the infants and the maternal SAS scores in the CMPA group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=49.433, 16.562, P<0.05), while vitamin D level of infants in CMPA group was significantly lower (t＝-16.981, P<0.05). Spearman analysis showed that maternal anxiety and CoMiSS score were correlated with temperament type of infants with CMPA (r=0.191,0.228,P<0.05), and the maternal anxiety level was related to the CoMiSS score and vitamin D level (r=0.762,-0.520,P<0.05). Conclusions The temperament type of CMPA infants has increased in the difficult-to-nurture type and decreased in the easy-to-nurture type. Family parenting should be guided according to the temperament type of the infants, paying attention to the influence of maternal anxiety on the infants' temperament type and family parenting. Moreover, providing health education and standardized diagnosis and treatment can alleviate allergic symptoms and improve nutritional status of infants, thereby improving the health of infants with CMPA.