Objective To analyze the influencing factors of recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) in preschool children, so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of RRTI. Methods Children aged 3 to 6 years with RRTI hospitalized in the second Department of Pediatrics of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from December 2017 to December 2019 were selected, and the corresponding control group was matched according to age and sex.With the informed consent of parents, a questionnaire survey was conducted by voluntary participation.After all survey data were verified to be valid, SPSS 22.0 software was used for unified data entry and data analysis. Results A total of 275 children were investigated, including 137 children in the case group (49.8%) and 138 children in the control group (50.2%).There were 131(47.6%) boys and 144(52.4%) girls.The proportions of children aged 3, 4, 5, 6 years were 35.3% (97/275), 27.6% (76/275), 23.3% (64/275) and 13.8% (38/275), respectively.Univariate analysis showed the influencing factors related to RRTI included house decoration for the past year, keeping pets, paternal smoking, maternal illness during pregnancy, premature, washing hands before meals, picky eating (χ²=11.434、27.934、7.291、6.023、5.824、11.112、16.569,P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that maternal illness during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for RRTI in children (OR=5.023, 95%CI: 1.084 - 23.273, P<0.05).Interaction analysis of influencing factors indicated that there was an interaction between paternal smoking and renovation in the past year (OR=18.660, 95%CI: 1.555 - 223.961, P<0.05). Conclusion Maternal illness during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for RRTI in children.Paternal smoking and house decoration for the past year can interact with each other to increase the risk of children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.