Objective To compare the physical and neuropsychological development of preterm infants with different gestational ages within 24 months of corrected age, so as to provide theoretical basis for further health care of preterm infants. Methods Data on the physical development and neurodevelopment of 4 077 subjects (including 2 283 male infants and 1 794 female infants), who participated in the follow-up management in the clinic of high-risk infants in Shenzhen Maternity and Child Health Hospital from January 2017 to August 2020 at 1, 3, 6,12, 18,24 months of corrected age, were respectively collected and analyzed. According to gestational age, preterm infants were divided into extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks), early preterm infants (28 - 31+6 weeks), mid-term preterm infants (32 - 33+6 weeks) and late preterm infants (34 - 36+6weeks). Physical development of infants was evaluated by the Z-score method, and the neurodevelopment was evaluated by the Bayley Ⅱ scales. Weight for ageZ value (WAZ), length for ageZ value (LAZ), head circumference for age Z value(HCZ), mental development index (MDI) and physical development index (PDI) for each group were analyzed, and the trend lines of physical and neurodevelopment index of each corrected age were drew. Results 1) Differences in the average physical development indicators (including WAZ, LAZ, HCZ) of each gestational age group for each corrected month age were statistically significant (P<0.05), and all physical development indicators of the extremely preterm infants group were less than the others at each corrected month age(P<0.05). Differences in the physical development indicators at 1, 3, 6 months and 12 months of age among early, mid-term and late preterm infants were significant(P<0.05), which were not significant at the corrected age of 18 and 24 months(P＞0.05). There were no significant differences in the scores of physical development indicators between the mid-term preterm infants and late preterm infants(P＞0.05). The WAZ and LAZ of each gestational age group showed an upward trend from corrected age of 40 weeks to 6 months, but showed a downward trend from corrected 6 months to 18 months (F=5.572, 4.867, P<0.001). The HCZ of each gestational age group showed an overall downward trend from corrected age of 40 weeks to 24 months (F=3.095, P=0.006). 2) The MDI and PDI of extremely preterm infants group were lower than those of the others at each corrected month age (F=22.134、31.729, P<0.05), but with no significant differences among early, mid-term and late preterm infants(P＞0.05). The MDI from 6 months to 24 months of age showed a downward trend in the extremely preterm infants group (F=8.972, P<0.001). Conclusion The physical and neuropsychological development of early, mid-term and late preterm infants within 24 months of corrected age is basically appropriate,which is still unsatisfactory in extremely preterm infants within 24 months of corrected age and requires further study and intervention.
Key words
premature infants /
physical development /
neuropsychological development
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