Objective To know about the status of physical activity outside kindergarten among Beijing urban preschoolers, and to explore related influencing factors in family and community, so as to provide evidence for assessment and intervention of preschooler's physical activity. Methods A convenient cluster sampling method was utilized to select 527 preschoolers from three kindergartens in Dongcheng district, Beijing from May to June, 2018. Caregivers were asked to fill out a self-designed questionnaire targeting daily physical activity time, outdoor activity time, screen time and sleep time. The compliance rate of each category mentioned above was analyzed referring to physical activity guideline for Chinese preschoolers aged 3-6 years. Results The time for physical time on school day and weekend was as follows, total activity:(86.39±59.75) min vs. (155.67±81.56) min, moderate to vigorous activity:(57.58±55.16) min vs. (83.14±61.22) min, outdoor activity time:(67.77±46.26) min vs. (181.31±96.11) min. The screen time and sleep time on school day and weekend were (30.42±23.52) min vs. (51.06±41.25) min, (10.94±0.83) h vs. (10.47±1.05) h, respectively. The compliance rate of total physical activity time on weekend, moderate to vigorous physical activity time, outdoor activity, screen time and sleep time were 30.9%, 65.1%, 81.7%, 83.5% and 80.2%, respectively. Family and community environmentscores were positively related to children's sleep and outdoor time (r=0.110 - 0.270, P<0.05). Conclusions Preschoolers lack physical activity and moderate to vigorous intensity activity, but have excessive screen time outside kindergarten. Improving family and community environment may have a positive effect on outdoor activity and sleep time.
Key words
preschooler /
outside kindergarten /
physical activity /
screen time /
sleep
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
References
[1] Guidelines Review Committee. Global recommendations on physical activity for health [Z].Genève:WHO,2010.
[2] Koedijk JB, Rijswijk JV, Oranje WA, et al. Sedentary behaviour and bone health in children, adolescents and young adults:a systematic review[J]. Osteoporosis Int, 2017, 28(10):2507-2519.
[3] Chaput JP, Saunders TJ, Carson V. Interactions between sleep, movement and other non-movement behaviours in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity[J]. Obes Rev, 2017, 18(Suppl 1):7-14.
[4] BeyerK, Szabo A, Hoormann K, et al. Time spent outdoors, activity levels, and chronic disease among American adults[J]. J Behav Med, 2018,41(4):494-503.
[5] AinsworthB, Cahalin L, Buman M, et al. The current state of physical activity assessment tools[J]. Pro Cardiovasc Dis, 2015, 57(4):387-395.
[6] Dyrstad SM, Hansen BH, Holme IM, et al. Comparison of self-reported versus accelerometer-measured physical activity[J]. Med Sci Sport Exerc, 2014, 46(1):99-106.
[7] Dwyer GM, Hardy LL, Peat JK, et al. The validity and reliability of a home environment preschool-age physical activity questionnaire (Pre-PAQ)[J]. Int J Behav Nutr Phy, 2011, 8:86.
[8] Daniel B, Paul C, Stacy C, et al. Reliability and validity of the Early Years Physical Activity Questionnaire (EY-PAQ)[J]. Sports, 2016, 4(2):30.
[9] 关宏岩, 赵星, 屈莎,等. 学龄前儿童(3~6岁)运动指南[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2020, 28 (6):115-121.
[10] 世界卫生组织. 关于身体活动有益健康的全球建议[Z]. 2011.
[11] 滕晓雨. 山东省4～6岁儿童屏幕暴露现况及对睡眠和行为发展的影响 [D]. 青岛:青岛大学, 2019.
[12] Guan H, Zhang Z, Wang B, et al. Proportion of kindergarten children meeting the WHO guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep and associations with adiposity in urban Beijing[J]. BMC Pediatrics, 2020, 20(1):70.
[13] 路飞扬. 传感器结合问卷对南体幼儿园儿童体力活动的研究 [D].南京:南京体育学院,2014.
[14] Gerson L, Irina K, Mauro F, et al. Comparison of self-report versus accelerometer -measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors and their association with body composition in Latin American countries[J]. PLoS One, 2020, 15(4):e0232420.
[15] 吴海军. 学龄前儿童(3~6 岁)身体活动特征与影响因素研究 [D].西安:空军军医大学,2018.
[16] 张静. 父母锻炼行为及其对小学生运动参与影响的研究[D].南京:南京体育学院,2017.
[17] 孙文武, 朱彩花, 王书华. 学龄前儿童睡眠质量与行为问题关系的分析[J]. 实用预防医学, 2020, 27(4):121-124.
[18] 刘志军, 王广海, 赵龙超,等. 学前儿童睡眠相关因素对其行为问题的影响[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2014,35(4):549-552.
[19] 杨育明, 郭胜男, 张伶俐,等. 家庭养育环境对学龄前儿童社会生活能力影响因素分析[J]. 实用中西医结合临床, 2018, 18(7):153-154.
[20] Yao CA, Rhodes RE . Parental correlates in child and adolescent physical activity:A meta-analysis[J]. Int J Behav Nutr Phy, 2015, 12(1):10.
[21] Loprinzi PD, Schary DP, Beets MW, et al. Association between hypothesized parental influences and preschool children's physical activity behavior[J]. Am J Healt Edu, 2013, 44(1):9-18.
PDF(510 KB)
