Objective To study the latency, waveform characteristics and development of the N400 component of event-related potential in normal preschool children, so as to provide Objective indicators for early detection of language cognitive impairment in preschool children. Methods A total of 220 normal preschool children aged 3 to 5 years who took physical examination from August 2015 to January 2020 performed sound and shadow matching tasks, and event-related potentials were tested, then the latency and amplitude of N400 in scalp electrodes FZ, CZ, and PZ were recorded.The latency and amplitude of N400 in F3 and F4 were recorded in 127 cases. Results The latency of N400 in 3- to 5-year-old children showed a decreasing trend gradually with increasing age, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The amplitude of N400 showed a tendency to decrease gradually with age, and the differences was significant in FZ and CZ between 3-year-old children and 4-year-old children [Fz: (-10.95±9.78)μV vs.(-6.40±6.53)μV,Cz: (-12.48±9.45)μV vs.(-7.71±7.80)μV], between 3-year-old children and 5-year-old children [Fz:(-10.95±9.78)μV vs.(-7.01±7.47)μV, Cz: (-12.48±9.45)μV vs.(-7.62±7.90)μV] (P<0.05).Effects of gender and lateralization on N400 latency and amplitude in preschool children were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion The waveform of N400 is clear and stable in preschool children, with latency and amplitude changing with age.
Key words
event-related potential /
N400 /
preschool children
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