Objective To analyze the influence of parents' rearing styles and family environment on the sleep quality of preschool children,so as to provide basis for improving children's sleep. Methods Seven kindergartens in Wuhu city were randomly selected to conduct this survey from May to June 2017. The socioeconomic status was estimated by Green's scoring. The Parent Behavior Inventory(PBI) and the Children's Sleep Health Questionnaire(CSHQ) were used to evaluate the parenting style and the sleep condition of children. Results A total of 2 201 preschool children were investigated. There was no difference in the total score of sleep behavior between boys and girls(49.79±4.65 vs. 49.80±4.91,t=0.04,P＞0.05). Totally 320(14.54%) children had sleep disorder. The scores of parental hostility/compulsive parenting style in the sleep problem group were higher than that in the non-sleep problem group(t=6.31,5.58, P＜0.001),while the scores of father's support/participation parenting style in the sleep problem group were lower than that in the non-sleep problem group(t=2.27,P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the higher the scores of parent and parent hostile/compulsory parenting style,the higher the risk of sleep problems in preschool children(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.01—1.06;OR=1.04,95%CI:1.02—1.07),while father support/participation in parenting decreased the risk of children's sleep disorder(OR=0.98,95%CI:0.96—1.00). In terms of family factors,the distance between the family and the main road <50 m could increase the occurrence of sleep disorder in children(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.07—2.63). Conclusions Parenting style is closely related to children's sleep problems. So parents are suggested to adopt more positive education methods when they get along with them. Secondly,the distance between families and main roads should be strictly regulated,which will lay a foundation for the healthy development of preschool children.