Objective To compare maternal anxiety between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children with typical development (TD), and to explore the associations of maternal anxiety with emotional and behavioral problems in children with ASD. Methods A total of 55 ASD children and 74 TD children aged 6 to 12 years were recruited in this study. Station-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to evaluate maternal anxiety, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess children's emotional and behavioral problems. Results Mothers of ASD children had a higher level of maternal anxiety including state anxiety score and trait anxiety score (t=5.272, 4.484, P<0.05). In terms of SDQ, ASD children had higher scores of emotional and behavioral problems, hyperactivity/attention deficit, emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems and conduct problems(t=10.791, 7.482, 4.295, 12.925, 3.544, P＜0.05), and lower score of prosocial behaviors than TD children (t=5.084, P<0.01). In children with ASD, both maternal state anxiety and trait anxiety score were positively associated with total difficulties score [S-AI: β=0.83 (95%CI: 0.19 - 1.46), T-AI: β=0.60 (95%CI: 0.05 - 1.14), P<0.01] and emotional symptoms score [S-AI: β=2.28 (95%CI: 0.72 - 3.84), T-AI: β=2.04 (95%CI:0.74 - 3.33), P<0.01]. In TD children, maternal state anxiety score was positively associated with total SDQ score [β=0.50 (95%CI: 0.03 - 0.96), P<0.05] and conduct problem score [β=1.74 (95%CI:0.19 - 3.30), P<0.05], maternal trait anxiety score was positively related to conduct problem score [β=1.54 (95%CI: 0.09~3.00), P<0.05]. Conclusions Mothers of ASD children have higher levels of anxiety than those of TD children. Maternal anxiety is associated with emotional problems in ASD children, while it is associated with conduct behaviors in TD children.
Key words
autism spectrum disorder /
emotional and behavioral problems /
mother /
anxiety
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