Objective To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among rural middle school students in Jining City,and to explore the influence of adverse childhood experiences(ACEs) on adolescent depressive symptoms. Methods From March to April 2019,students in 2 junior middle schools in Jining City were randomly selected. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ-SF) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) were used to investigate the psychological conditions of students. Results Among 715 rural junior high school students,218(30.5%) had depressive symptoms.Students had significantly different self-rating depression scores in different family structure and family income groups(F=7.397,4.169, P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in self-rating depression scores among different gender,grade,only child or not,and left behind status groups(P＞0.05). Significant differences were found in the scores of adverse childhood experience among different grade,family structure,monthly family income and left-behind status groups(P＜0.05).Adverse childhood experiences were positively correlated with depressive symptom(r=0.198—0.481,P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that parents' divorce(b=7.037),family monthly income <5 000 yuan(b=2.219,2.212),emotional abuse in childhood(b=1.555),sexual abuse(b=0.615)and emotional neglect(b=0.203) were positively related to depressive symptoms(P<0.05). Conclusions There are some depressive symptoms in rural middle school students in Jining City. Adverse childhood experience may increase the risk of adolescent depressive symptoms,so it is supposed to reduce the occurrence of adverse childhood experience in order to improve adolescent depressive symptoms.
Key words
adolescent /
middle school students /
adverse childhood experiences /
depression
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
References
[1] Bertha EA,Balázs J. Subthreshold depression in adolescence: a systematic review[J].Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2013,22(10):589-603.
[2] Nemeroff CB,Binder E. The preeminent role of childhood abuse and neglect in vulnerability to major psychiatric disorders: toward elucidating the underlying neurobiological mechanisms[J]. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2014,53(4):395-397.
[3] 马金凤,戴江红,茹建国,等.医学生心理健康状况与儿童期不良经历的关系探讨[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2013,17(3):218-221.
[4] 于增艳,赵阿勐,刘爱书.儿童期受虐经历与抑郁的元分析[J].心理学报,2017,49(1):40-49.
[5] 刘薇,何首杰,李十月,等.大学生不同时期不良经历与抑郁症的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(5):686-688,692.
[6] 程文红,刘漪,范娟,等.青少年抑郁障碍患者的早期创伤史研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2007,21(5):326-327,342.
[7] 张敏.中文版儿童期虐待问卷信度及效度评价[J].中国公共卫生,2011,27(5):669-670.
[8] 刘平.流调中心抑郁量表(The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale,CES-D) [J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(增刊):200-202.
[9] 李玖玲,陈星,赵春华,等.中国儿童青少年抑郁症状流行率的Meta分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2016,24(3):295-298.
[10] 王虔,林延敏,卢金逵,等.赣东北地区留守儿童抑郁症状现况及影响因素[J].中国学校卫生,2020,41(8):1241-1243.
[11] 朱慧全,李巧,王丽卿,等.海口市中小学生抑郁症状及其影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(9):1345-1347,1350.
[12] 李凌江,马辛.中国抑郁障碍防治指南[M].北京:中华医学电子音像出版社,2015,7:11-15.
[13] 苏静,陈静,万宇辉,等.童年期虐待经历与中学生自伤行为的关联性[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(9):1326-1329.
[14] 杨光远,郭玥,李闻天,等.武汉市青少年抑郁症患者家庭功能调查[J].医学与社会,2019,32(10):107-110.
[15] 张跃兵,刘霞,王爱芹,等.情绪障碍儿童家庭环境影响因素及其父母的人格特征[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2018,26(7):768-771.
[16] Hillis S,Mercy J,Amobi A,et al. Global prevalence of past-year violence against children: a systematic review and minimum estimates[J]. Pediatrics, 2016,137(3):e20154079.
[17] 张劲松.童年早期心理创伤对儿童社会心理发展的影响[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2015,23(6):561-569.
[18] 张敏莉,韩娟,丁慧思,等.青少年创伤经历与抑郁症状及人格特征的关系[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2019,33(1):52-57.
[19] Hovens JG,Giltay EJ,van Hemert AM,et al.Childhood maltreatment and the course of depressive and anxiety disorders: the contribution of personality chanictcristics[J].Depress Anxiety,2016,33(1):27-34.
[20] 胡梓悦,李鹏声,郭蓝,等.深圳市中学生儿童期虐待与抑郁症状关系[J].中国公共卫生,2019,35(6):703-707.
[21] Beck AT. The evolution of the cognitive model of depression and its neurobiological correlates[J].Am J Psychiatry,2008,165(8):969-977.
[22] 凌宇,杨娟,钟斌,等.童年创伤经历与自尊对青少年抑郁的影响[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2009,17(1):54-56.
[23] Stoltenborgh M,van Ijzendoorn MH,Euser EM,et al.A global perspective on child sexual abuse: metaanalysis of prevalence around the world[J].Child Maltreat,2011,16(2):79101.
PDF(484 KB)
