Objective To understand the growth and development of 3- to 6-year-old preschool children in Shijiazhuang area, and to explore its influencing factors. Methods The physical examination data of preschool children in various districts and counties of Shijiazhuang from 2018 to 2019 were collected. The physical development and growth standards of children in nine major cities in China in 2005 were used as reference values to evaluate the height and weight development of preschool children. Results 1) A total of 49 644 preschool children with valid data on physical examination were enrolled in this study, including 25 885 boys (52.1%) and 23 759 girls (47.9%).2) Among them, 1 212 (2.4%) were underweight children(＜P₃), 5 353 (10.8%) were overweight(＞P₉₇), 1 497 (3.0%) were too short(＜P₃), and 6 876(13.9%) were overheight (＞P₉₇). 3) Inconsistent ABO blood type between mother and child (OR=0.671, 95%CI:0.481—0.935,P=0.019), low birth weight(OR=0.546,95%CI:0.443—0.674,P<0.001), low birth height(OR=0.335,95% CI:0.272—0.414,P<0.001) were independent related factors for preschool children with short stature. Children who were too short at birth (OR=0.330,95%CI:0.269—0.404,P<0.001) and underweight ( OR=0.330,95%CI:0.269—0.404,P<0.001) were related factors for underweight in preschool children. Conclusions Compared with the standards of the nine cities in 2005, the growth and development of 3- to 6-year-old preschool children in Shijiazhuang area is higher than the average level of preschool children in other cities across the country. The height and weight development of preschool children are affected by the height and weight at birth. Attention should be paid to the three-level prevention of the growth and development of preschool children and the management of high-risk factors during pregnancy and childbirth.