Objective To investigate the effect of early specialized management on the growth and development of premature infants and the incidence of anemia,so as to provide reasonable basis for the follow-up management of premature infants. Methods In this study,120 premature infants,who were born in Changning Maternal and Infant Health Care Hospital of Shanghai from September 2017 to August 2018,were randomly selected,including 60 infants who were followed up at the special clinic for preterm infants and 60 infants followed up at other clinics in the Child Health Center. Specialized management was implemented in the study group, the premature infants in the control group were provided with routine child health care services. The weight,length,head circumference,catch-up growth,intelligence development,the incidence of iron deficiency and anemia were compared between the two groups at the corrected age of 12 months. Results At the corrected age of 12 months,the weight,length and appropriate catch-up growth rate in the study group were significantly greater than those in the control group (t=2.062,2.810,χ²=4.675,P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in head circumference between the two groups (P>0.05). The scores of fine motor skills,adaptability skills and language behavior in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=4.158,3.729,4.823,P＜0.05). However,there was no significant difference in gross motor skills and social competence between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of iron deficiency and anemia in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (χ²=4.093,4.183,P＜0.05). Conclusion Early specialized management can promote the physical and intelligence development of premature infants,and reduce the incidence of iron deficiency and anemia.