Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human growth hormone therapy on the psychological behavior of children with idiopathic short stature (ISS),in order to provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods From January 2018 to December 2019,a total of 70 children with ISS treated in Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,with 35 cases in each group.The treatment group was given recombinant human growth hormone 0.15 IU/(kg·d) and injected subcutaneously before bedtime.Both groups received enhanced nutrient supplement,proper exercise,adequate sleep and good mood,and the treatment lasted for 6 months.After the treatment,the score of psychological behavior were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,the scores of split-like,hyperactivity,aggression,violation of discipline factors for boys,(t=4.465,5.053,7.064,5.804,6.815,5.112) body complaint and division forcing factor for girls (t=6.815,5.112) in the treatment group were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).The scores of split-like,hyperactivity,aggression,violation of discipline factors for boys (t=-3.576,-2.551,-6.100,-2.859),body complaint,social retreat and division forcing factor for girls (t=-7.357,-5.036) in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05).Conclusions Recombinant human growth hormone therapy can effectively improve some psychological and behavioral problems in ISS children.Recombinant human growth hormone therapy can make the physical and mental development of ISS children more stable and healthy,thus reducing the incidence of psychological and behavioral problems in ISS children.