Objective To analyze the characteristics and risk factors of bronchial asthma in 142 preschool children, in order to provide reference for preventing asthma. Methods A total of 142 preschool children with bronchial asthma hospitalized in Nanchong Central Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected as case group.Meanwhile, 142 non-asthmatic hospitalized children in the respiratory department, who were matched by gender and sex, were selected as control group.The basic information of the surveyed objects was obtained by questionnaire survey.And the risk factors for bronchial asthma were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results There were 83 males and 59 females in the case group, of whom 129 were caused by respiratory tract infection, including 46 cases of mycoplasma, 37 cases of respiratory syncytial virus, 33 cases of influenza virus, 14 cases of adenovirus and 5 cases of parainfluenza virus.Univariate analysis showed that gestational age ≥37 weeks (OR=0.792, 95%CI:0.357-0.948), exclusive breastfeeding within 6 months old (OR=0.320, 95% CI:0.107-0.479) were the protective factors for the onset of bronchial asthma in preschool children, while the risk factors included family history of allergic disease (OR=1.513, 95% CI:1.206-1.742) and allergic rhinitis (OR=1.304, 95% CI:1.182-1.549), history of food allergy (OR=1.815, 95% CI:1.492-2.203), family decoration within one year (OR=1.328, 95% CI:1.102-1.591), family members smoking (OR=2.115, 95% CI:1.628-2.499), long-term contact with fluffy or foam products (OR=1.480, 95% CI:1.173-1.772), school or family near the main road (OR=1.815, 95% CI:1.692-2.203) were the risk factors (P<0.05). Conclusion Bronchial asthma in preschool children is mostly caused by respiratory tract infections and is mainly influenced by factors such as gestational age at birth and family history of allergies, which can be intervened targetedly to reduce the incidence of bronchial asthma in preschool children.
Key words
preschool children /
bronchial asthma /
incidence characteristics /
respiratory track infections
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