Objective To investigate the expression levels of serum microRNA-155 (miR-155) and chemokine 8 (CXCL8) in children with cough variant asthma (CVA), and to discuss the clinical significance of these indicators. Methods A total of 86 CVA patients treated in Daxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing from March 2017 to February 2019 were selected as study objects (experiment group), and 90 healthy children who underwent physical examination at the same time were selected as the control group.The general clinical data were collected, sputum eosinophil (EOS) count, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and pulmonary function indexes including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV₁/FVC) were measured.Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between miR-155, CXCL8 levels and EOS, FeNO, lung function.In addition, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the predictive value of serum miR-155 and CXCL8 levels for CVA. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of EOS, FeNO, miR-155 and CXCL8 in the experiment group were significantly higher(t=11.606, 27.562, 19.721, 10.754, P＜0.05), while the levels of FEV₁, PEF and FEV₁/FVC were significantly lower (t=17.471, 10.975, 33.605, P<0.05).Pearson analysis showed that miR-155 and CXCL8 were positively correlated with EOS and FeNO (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with FEV₁, PEF and FEV₁/FVC (P<0.05).The area under the curve of miR-155 and CXCL8 was 0.821 (95% CI:0.675-0.967) and 0.851 (95% CI:0.741-0.961), respectively.The area under the curve of combined detection in predicting CVA was 0.935 (95% CI:0.914-0.975). Conclusion The levels of serum miR-155 and CXCL8 in children with CVA are increasing, which has certain predictive value for CVA, and may be used as potential serological markers for the diagnosis of CVA.