Objective To observe the growth and development, as well as catch-up growth of premature infants within corrected age of 24 months, and to determine the catch-up growth period. Methods A total of 270 premature infants and 105 full-term infants, who took physical examination in Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu during December 2016 to December 2017, were enrolled in this study.These infants were divided into non-premature infant group, low-risk premature infant group and high-risk premature infant group.The Z-score method was used to assess body weight, body length, head circumference and body weight for height, thus to analyze the catch-up growth within 24 months of correct age. Results The body length, body weight, head circumference and body weight for height in both premature infants and full-term infants showed catch-up growth within 24 months of correct age.The incidence of catch-up growth in weight was high within 2 months of correct age, and the peak of catch-up growth lasted longer in height.After 5 months of corrected age, the incidence of catch-up growth leveled off, and the groups diverged in terms of height by weight after 6 months old.At 24 months of corrected age, the incidence rates of catch-up growth in weight, length, head circumference and length-by-weight were 83.2%, 66.27%, 37.73%, and 89.7% for the low-risk group and 89.0%, 70.21%, 49.7%, and 98.98% for the high-risk group. Conclusions The growth trajectories of preterm and full-term infants are inconsistent, and the low-risk preterm infants show greater growth potential.The premature infants basically complete catch-up growth within 5 months of correct age, and the catch-up growth of body weight, body length and head circumference is unbalanced.