Objective To investigate the risk of overweight/obesity during 3 years old in children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), in order to provide scientific basis for prevention of childhood obesity. Methods Totally 2 275 eligible children were enrolled in this prospective cohort study from September 2014 to August 2015 in 16 communities of Beijing, and were followed up to 3 years old. Their height and weight were measured at each regular physical examination. Results The body mass index(BMI) of children exposed to GDM was higher than that in the non-exposure group at 1, 2 and 3 years old, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05). The factors that increased the risk of children being overweight and obese within 1 year old included macrosomia (OR=2.01, 95%CI:1.40—2.89), mother with high BMI before pregnancy (OR=1.09, 95%CI:1.06—1.13) and excessive weight gain during pregnancy (OR=1.01, 95%CI:0.99—1.03), while high family income was a protective factor(OR=0.83, 95%CI:0.71—0.98). The factors increasing the risk of children being overweight and obese within 2 years old were macrosomia (OR=1.66, 95%CI:1.07—2.58), mother with high BMI before pregnancy(OR=1.14, 95%CI:1.09—1.18) and excessive weight gain during pregnancy(OR=1.02, 95%CI:1.00—1.04), while factors decreased the risk included higher level of family incomes (OR=0.61, 95%CI:0.49—0.75) and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months (OR=0.61, 95%CI:0.45—0.84). Factors increasing the risk of children being overweight and obese within 3 years old were macrosomia (OR=1.89, 95%CI:1.23—2.91) and mother with high BMI before pregnancy (OR=1.14, 95%CI:1.09—1.18),while high family incomes (OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.54—0.81) and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months (OR=0.55, 95%CI:0.40—0.75) were protective factors for overweight and obese within 3 years old. Conclusion In order to reduce the overweight and obesity of children within 3 years old, the weight of pregnant women before and during pregnancy should be strictly controlled, and exclusive breastfeeding should be adhered to 6 months old as much as possible.
Key words
childhood obesity /
gestational diabetes mellitus /
exclusive breastfeeding
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