Objective To analyze the audiological results of infants who failed in the hearing screening in Xinjiang, in order to provide scientific basis for early intervention. Methods A total of 350 neonates,who failed in the hearing screening and were referred to People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,were enrolled in this study, and their Objective hearing was evaluated by auditory brainstem response, distortion product otoacoustic emissions and tympanometry. Results Among the 350 infants(700 ears), 104(29.71%) infants were with normal hearing, 75(21.43%) infants showed monaural hearing loss, and 171(48.86%) infants showed binaural hearing loss.There was no significant difference on the detection rate of hearing loss among different ethnic groups(χ²=0.362, P＞0.05).There were 130 ears with mild hearing loss (18.57%), 151 ears with moderate hearing loss (21.57%), 59 ears with severe hearing loss (8.43%), and 76 ears with very severe hearing loss (10.86%).The detection rate of negative peak tympanogram in infants with mild to moderate hearing loss was significantly higher than that in infants with severe and extremely severe hearing loss(χ²=55.878, P＜0.05).Moreover, 280 ears with identified with sensorineural hearing loss and 136 ears with conductive hearing loss. Conclusions Middle ear problem is an important influencing factor of failure in hearing screening of infants with mild and moderate hearing loss.The assessment of hearing loss in infants is a continuous process, requiring regular review and comprehensive assessment with multiple detection methods.