Objective To analyze the prefrontal cortex function of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on near-infrared spectroscopy imaging, so as to provide reference for the individual diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. Methods A total of 100 children who visited ADHD clinic and physical examination clinic of Shanghai Children's Hospital from July 2019 to February 2020 were selected.Parents filled in the ADHD assessment scale and demographic data, clinicians conducted comprehensive interviews and physical examination, and the therapist performed Webster intelligence test and prefrontal cortical function test based on near infrared spectroscopy. Results A total of 70 children were selected as effective samples after screening, including 35 children confirmed with ADHD, and 35 normal control children in the same period (with similar age and gender).The average age of the ADHD group and normal control group was (8.2±1.3) and (8.9±1.0) years old, respectively.The oxygen and hemoglobin concentration of the left prefrontal cortex in ADHD group and control group was -0.005±0.033 and 0.020±0.021, respectively, with significant difference (t=3.781, P<0.001).In children with ADHD, the activation of the left cerebral cortex was significantly lower than that of the right (t=2.272, P<0.05), and there were no significant difference on the level of prefrontal cortex among ADHD children in different gender and age groups (P>0.05).Significant difference was found on the function of the right prefrontal cortex in children with different subtypes of ADHD (F=7.138, P<0.01), indicating that ADHD children with hyperactivity and impulsivity may have right frontal cortical function compensation. Conclusions The left prefrontal cortex function is impaired in ADHD children.The function level of the prefrontal cortex has no obvious correlation with age and gender.
Key words
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder /
near-infrared spectroscopy /
prefrontal cortex
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
References
[1] Wang, T, Liu K, Li Z,et al.Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents in China:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].BMC Psychiatry,2017,17(1):32.
[2] 童连,史慧静,臧嘉捷.中国儿童ADHD流行状况Meta分析[J].中国公共卫生,2013,29(9):1279-1283.
[3] American Psychiatric Association.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn (DSM-5)[M].Washington, DC:APA, 2013:59-66.
[4] Arai S, Okamoto Y, Fujioka T, et al.Altered frontal pole development affects self-generated spatial working memory in ADHD[J].Brain Dev,2016,38(5):471-480.
[5] Monden Y, Dan I, Nagashima M, et al.Individual classification of ADHD children by right prefrontal hemodynamic responses during a go/no-go task as assessed by fNIRS[J].Neuroimage Clin,2015,9:1-12.
[6] Mauri M, Nobile M,Bellina M,et al.Light up ADHD:I Cortical hemodynamic responses measured by functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)[J].J Affect Disord,2018,234:358-364.
[7] Friedman LA,Rapoport JL.Brain development in ADHD[J].Curr Opin Neurobiol,2015,30:106-111.
[8] Bruchhage MMK, Bucci MP, Becker EBE.Cerebellar involvement in autism and ADHD[J].Handb Clin Neurol,2018,155:61-72.
[9] Shaw P, Gilliam M, Liverpool M, et al.Cortical development in typically developing children with symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity:support for a dimensional view of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder[J].Am J Psychiatry,2011,168(2):143-151.
[10] Araki A, Ikegami M, Okayama A, et al.Improved prefrontal activity in AD/HD children treated with atomoxetine:a NIRS study[J].Brain Dev,2015,37(1):76-87.
[11] Grazioli S, Mauri M, Crippa A, et al.Light up ADHD:II.Neuropharmacological effects measured by near infrared spectroscopy:is there a biomarker?[J].J Affect Disord,2019,244:100-106.
[12] Yasumura A, Omori M, Fukuda A, et al.Age-related differences in frontal lobe function in children with ADHD[J].Brain Dev,2019,41(7):577-586.
[13] Wilens TE, Biederman J,Faraone SV,et al.Presenting ADHD symptoms, subtypes, and comorbid disorders in clinically referred adults with ADHD[J].J Clin Psychiatry,2009,70(11):1557-1562.
PDF(472 KB)
