Objective To analyze the correlation of neonatal asphyxia with blood lactic acid and myocardial enzyme levels, in order to provide reference for early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal asphyxia. Methods A total of 80 full-term neonates were selected in Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University from June, 2014 to June, 2017, and were divided into mild asphyxia group(n=19)due to mild asphyxia,severe asphyxia group(n=21) due to severe dsphyxia and control group(n=40).Serum lactate and myocardial enzyme levels, including serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), were tested and compared within 1 hour and 24 hours after birth among three groups. Results Serum lactate and myocardial enzyme levels in 1 hour and 24 hours after birth in mild asphyxia group and severe asphyxia group were significantly higher those in control group(P＜0.05 or <0.01), which were also markedly higher in severe asphyxia group than that in mild asphyxia group(P＜0.01). Conclusions Neonatal asphyxia can cause myocardial injury, and severe asphyxia will lead to more serious myocardial injury.Test of blood lactic acid and myocardial enzyme levels can help the clinical determination of key indicators for neonatal asphyxia and the severity of the initial diagnosis, which is conducive to the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal asphyxia, and is worthy of being widely applied.