Objective To investigate the anxiety status of children after ventricular septal defect occlusion,and to analyze the related factors affecting the anxiety of children after ventricular septal defect occlusion. Methods A total of 186 children with congenital heart disease who underwent ventricular septal defect occlusion were assessed by modified Yale Perioperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) on admission day,1 day and 7 days after operation from March 2016 to February 2019. The causes of anxiety were investigated and the related factors of anxiety were analyzed. Results Compared with that at admission,the scores of each dimension and total scores of mYPAS in 1 and 7 days after operation were significantly higher than those at admission (F=10.247,9.551,8.781,11.362,7.051,6.995,P＜0.05). The total scores of mYPAS of pre-school children at admission,1 day after operation and 7 days after operation was significantly lower than those of school-age children (t=3.321,6.328,4.014,P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the influencing factors of anxiety on the first day after operation included age,fear of puncture pain,fear of operation process and fear of operation room/ward (R²＝0.66).The influencing factors of anxiety on the seventh day after operation included age,fear of operation room/ward,hemorrhage and hematoma(R²=0.59). Conclusion s Children with ventricular septal defect occlusion are prone to anxiety disorders. Fear of operating room/ward,postoperative hemorrhage and hematoma are the main factors affecting children's anxiety after ventricular septal defect occlusion.