Objective To understand the characteristics of the potential risk behavior of unintentional injury and its influencing factors in preschool children,so as to provide evidence for the formulation of related intervention measures. Methods Questionnaire was self-designed and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were analyzed.A cross-sectional study on parents and preschool children in a community of Shantou was conducted by stratified cluster sampling. Results Totally 164 preschool children were investigated validly.The rates of high-risky behavior on falls and traffic injuries among preschool children were 43.9% and 30.5%,respectively.And the rates of burn,drowning and poisoning were all lower than 1%.Among the 13 kinds of high-risky behaviors,6 kinds of behaviors were more than 25%,all of which were falls and traffic injuries.And 6 kinds of behaviors were less than 3%,which included burn,drowning and poisoning.Boys,preschool children in large classes and children with more parental supervision had significantly higher scores on risky behaviors than girls,preschool children in primary and secondary classes and children with less parental supervision (Z=-2.60,-1.59,-2.60,P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that children′s gender,grade,parental supervision,area and location of injuries were the independently influencing factors of children′s risk behavior (β=-0.18,0.20,-0.19,-0.22,-0.17,P＜0.05). Conclusions There are significant differences on high-risk behaviors of injuries among preschool children.As for the prevention of occurrence of unintentional injury in preschool children,the primary task is to prevent falls and traffic injuries with a focus on parents and children.And the following task is to prevent drowning,burn and poisoning with the key in eliminating the injury factors and strengthening the parental supervision.