Objective To analyze the characteristics of congenital renal malformations(CRMs) cases in Pingyin county by descriptive epidemiology, in order to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of CRMs.Methods The CRMs cases and newborns were collected by birth defects registration data in Pingyin county from 2004 to 2017, and the general characteristics of 83 cases were summarized. The incidence(1/104) was calculated and the difference on CRMs incidence between gender and district area were analyzed. All cases were mapped. The characteristics, diagnostic method and outcome of CRMs were described.Results 1)Incidence of CRMs:There were 83 cases (17.06/104) of CRMs inPingyin county from 2004 to 2017.The difference on the incidence of CRMs between males and females was not statistically significant(P＞0.05),while this difference was significant between urban and rural children(P＜0.05).Renal malformation(4.93/104),congenital hydronephrosis(4.52/104) and renal agenesis(3.50/104) were ranked the top three of CRMs. 2) Epidemiological distribution:Most CRMs cases distributed in the northwestern and southeastern plain area of Pingyin county. The occurrence of hydronephrosis and renal malformation mainly occurred around 2007, and significantly increased in 2016.Also, hydronephrosis mainly appeared in male and most renal agenesis appeard in famale(both P＜0.05).3) Clinical features and diagnosis:The proportion of diagnosis in prenatal 28 weeks of CRMs was 27.71%, and 97.59% of cases were diagnosed by ultrasonography. The proportion of bilateral renal defects was high(39.76%),and most are single malformations(83.13%).The proportions of live births and stillborn baby were 50.60% and 49.40%,respectively.Conclusions The incidence of CRMs in Pingyin county was obviously high compared with other regions in China, and regional, temporal and gender clustering is also found, indicating there may be regional risk factors. It is suggested that prenatal diagnosis competence should be strengthened in order to improve the early detection rate of CRMs in Pingyin county.
Key words
congenital renal disease /
birth defects /
epidemiology
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