Objective To investigate current status and influential factors on toothache among children in Foshan city, in order to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of dental caries in children. Methods Six schools were randomly selected using random sampling method in urban elementary school from May to September in 2016, and students in the second grade and their parents were enrolled as participants with cluster sampling method.Questionnaires were filled out to collect students′ demographic information, oral health behavior, oral disease information and oral health knowledge.Single factor and multi-factor analysis method were used to analyze the influential factors for dental caries. Results Of the 2 241 people surveyed, 42.93% (962/2 241) had toothache or dental discomfort sense; Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the brushing teeth after eating sweets before sleeping (OR=5.420, 95%CI:3.630~8.093) and parental educational level under senior high school (OR=1.710, 95%CI:1.421~2.057) were risk factors for toothache.Brushing teeth twice a day (OR=0.484, 95%CI:0.345~0.680), brushing teeth with the help of parents (OR=0.537, 95%CI=0.386~0.756) and parents with high level of oral hygiene knowledge (OR=0.756, 95%CI=0.616~0.927) can reduce the risk of toothache.Parents′ knowledge of oral hygiene was mainly obtained through traditional media, and the percentage of obtaining knowledge from school health education and health professional departments were 26.15% and 20.57%, respectively. Conclusion Strengthening healthy education of school linkage, improving oral health knowledge of children and their parents are important measures to help develop good oral hygiene and reduce toothache or dental discomfort sense.