Objective To analyze the clinical features of children with acute toxicity in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), in order to provide evidence for the effective prevention and treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 105 children,who were diagnosed with poisoning and discharged from PICU of Xijing Hospital from January 2007 to December 2016. Results Of the 105 cases, 67(63.8%) children were under 6 years old; 77 cases (77.3%) were from rural areas; 89(84.8%) cases were due to accidental poisoning. The drug poisoning accounted for 34 cases (32.4%). The pesticide, carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and food poisoning accounted for 25 (23.8%), 19 (18.1%), and 11 (10.5%) respectively. Drugs were the most common toxins for urban children(42.9%), pesticide poisoning accounted for the highest proportion for rural children (32.5%). The intentional poisonings mainly happened in children at school age and adolescents. Drug and carbon monoxide poisonings presented with main clinical symptoms of the nervous system while pesticides and food poisonings showed mainly with symptoms of the digestive system, and rodenticide poisoning showed mainly with symptoms of hematological system. The effective rate of therapy was 92.4%, 4 cases (3.8%) were not improved and 4 were dead (3.8%). Conclusions Acute poisoning is common in infants and preschool children. The majority of acute poisoning is unintentional and most patients live in rural areas. Drugs are the most common agent causing the poisoning. There were differences in clinical manifestations among children suffering from different poisonings. Severe poisoning or delayed treatment is associated with poor outcome.