Objective To analyze the efficacy of caffeine citrate for preventive use in the prophylactic treatment of primary apnea and related complications in premature infants. Methods The preterm infants born in Northwest Women′s and Children′s Hospital from June 2014 to May 2017 and with gestational age under 32 weeks and birth weight under 1 500g after birth were randomly divided into caffeine citrate prevention group(n=539) and treatment group(n=557).Children began to use caffeine citrate immediately after birth in the prevention group, while started to use caffeine citrate after the onset of primary apnea after birth in the treatment group.The rate of apnea, the duration time for using oxygen and invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, as well as the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD),intercranial hemorrhage(ICH),necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC) and retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) were compared between prevention group and treatment group. Results The rate of the apnea and the duration time for oxygen, invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the caffeine citrate prevention group were significantly lower than those in the treatment group [10.0% vs.19.7%,(29.0±4.7)d vs.(35.0±4.2)d,(1.0±1.7)d vs.(2.6±1.5)d,(1.7±1.2)d vs.(2.4±1.3)d, all P<0.05].The incidence rates of BPD, ICH, NEC and ROP in the caffeine citrate prevention group were also significantly lower than those in the treatment group(11.7%vs.16.2%,10.0%vs.14.7%,5.2% vs.8.8%,9.1%vs.13.2%, all P<0.05). Conclusion Preventive use of caffeine citrate for use in the prophylactic treatment can significantly reduce the incidence of apnea and related complications.
Key words
caffeine citrate /
prevention /
treatment /
primary apnea /
premature infants
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