[1] Rodríguez JM, Murphy K, Stanton C, et al.The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life[J].Microb Ecol Health Dis, 2015, 26:26050.
[2] Young VB.The role of the microbiome in human health and disease:an introduction for clinicians[J].BMJ,2017, 356: j831.
[3] Brestoff, JR, Artis D.Commensal bacteria at the interface of host metabolism and the immune system[J].Nat Immunol, 2013,14(7):676-684.
[4] Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, et al.Expert consensus document.The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic[J].Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2014, 11(8):506-514.
[5] Ouwehand AC.The role of probiotics in digestive health[J].Nutr and Diet Suppl, 2015, 7:103-109.
[6] Tojo R, Suárez A, Clemente, MG, et al.Intestinal microbiota in health and disease:role of bifidobacteria in gut homeostasis[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(41):15163-15176.
[7] Sánchez B, Delgado S, Blanco-Míguez A, et al.Probiotics, gut microbiota and their influence on host health and disease[J].Mol Nutr Food Res, 2016, 61(1):1-15.
[8] Linares DM, Ross P, Stanton C.Beneficial microbes:the pharmacy in the gut[J].Bioengineered, 2016, 7(1):11-20.
[9] Deweerdt S.How baby′s first microbes could be crucial to future health[J].Nature, 2018, 555(7695):S18-S19.
[10] Ritchie ML,Romanuk TN.A Meta-analysis of probiotic efficacy for gastrointestinal diseases[J].PLoS One, 2012, 7(4):e34938.
[11] Allen SJ, Martinez EG, Gregorio GV, et al.Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2010, 11:CD003048.
[12] Floch MH, Walker WA, Sanders ME, et al.Recommendations for probiotic use-2015 update:proceedings and consensus opinion[J].J Clin Gastroenterol, 2015, 49(Suppl 1):S69-S73.
[13] Guarner F, Sanders ME, Eliakim R,et al.World Gastroenterology Organisation global guidelines:probiotics and prebiotics February 2017[EB/OL].http://www.worldgastroenterology.org/guidelines/global-guidelines/probiotics-and-prebiotics/probiotics-and-prebiotics-english.
[14] Szajewska H, Guarino A, Hojsak I, et al.Use of probiotics for management of acute gastroenteritis:a position paper by the ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics[J].J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2014, 58(4):531-539.
[15] Guarino A, Guandalini S, Lo Vecchio A.Probiotics for prevention and treatment of diarrhea[J].J Clin Gastroenterol, 2015, 49(Suppl 1):S37-S45.
[16] 郑跃杰, 黄志华.益生菌儿科临床应用循证指南[J].中国实用儿科杂志, 2017, 32(2):81-90.
[17] Mc Farland LV, Ozen M, Dinleyici EC, et al.Comparison of pediatric and adult antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infections[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2016, 22(11):3078-3104.
[18] Goldenberg JZ,Lytvyn L, Steurich J, et al.Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2015, 12:CD004827.
[19] de Vrese M, Stegelmann A, Richter B, et al.Probiotics-compensation for lactase insufficiency[J].Am J Clin Nutr, 2001, 73(2 Suppl):S421-S429.
[20] Neu J.Gastrointestinal development and meeting the nutritional needs of premature infants[J].Am J Clin Nutr, 2007,85(2):629S-634S.
[21] Ouwehand AC.What role for probiotics in necrotising enterocolitis[J].Arch Pediatr Infect Dis, 2014,2(1):e14912.
[22] Deshpande G, Rao S, Keil AD, et al.Evidence-based guidelines for use of probiotics in preterm neonates[J].BMC Med, 2011, 9:92.
[23] Deshpande G, Rao S, Patole S, et al.Updated meta-analysis of probiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates[J].Pediatrics, 2010, 125(5):921-930.
[24] deWeerth C, Fuentes S, Puylaert P, et al.Intestinal microbiota of infants with colic:development and specific signatures[J].Pediatrics, 2013, 131:e550-e558.
[25] Chau K, Lau E, Greenberg S, et al.Probiotics for infantile colic:a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938[J].J Pediatr, 2015,166(1):74-78.