Objective To investigate the status of precocious puberty and risk factors for sexual precocity in children aged 4~10 years in Zhenjiang. Methods A total of 3 442 children aged 4~10 years in 9 streets in Zhenjiang were investigated by questionnaire and physical examination from March 2016 to March 2017. Results Totally 42 children were diagnosed with sexual precocious puberty,including 35 cases of girls,boys in 7 cases,and the detection rate was 1.22%.The prevalence of precocious puberty in girls was 5 times higher than that of boys,and the detection rate increased with age. The incidence of precocious puberty was higher in obese and overweight children than that in normal weight group. Children taking health supplement,drinks and artificial tonic aquatic animal breeding and meat had higher prevalence of precious puberty than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The precocious development in children is prevalent,and is correlated with the daily diet and weight change. People′s attention and the relevant measures should be taken for the prevention and health care of precocious puberty in children.