Objective To know the mortality rate and variation trend of mortality on children under 5 years old. Methods The monitoring data on death of children under 5 years old in Shuangliu district from 2007 to 2016 were collected. The basic descriptive statisticalMethods and χ²test were used to analyze the data. Results The mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Shuangliu district showed a decreasing trend from 2007 to 2016 (the mortality rate was 10.15‰ in 2007, and 3.78‰ in 2016).The mortality rate in rural areas was higher than that in the towns, and the mortality rate of boys was higher than that of girls. Congenital heart disease (CHD) and hematosepsis were main causes of infants death, and the mortality rate increased from the year of 2007 to 2016. For 1 to 4-year-old children, traffic accident, drowning and pneumonia were main causes of death, but the mortality rate reduced from 2007 to 2016. Conclusions In the past 10 years, the mortality rate of children under 5 years old had decreased significantly, but the death of infants still leaved a greater burden and the incidence of birth defects based on CHD was increasing. So it is suggested to further strengthen maternal and child health care, to enhance prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis in order to reduce birth defects.