Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in children with prepubertal idiopathic short stature (ISS). Methods A total of 68 children with ISS treated in Zhengzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from March 2014 to June 2016 were enrolled in this study,and the study was approved by ethics committee unanimously.According to the random number table,the participants were divided into two groups,of which 34 cases were treated with subcutaneous injection of low-dose rhGH 0.25 mg/(kg·week) as the low dose group,the other 34 cases with high-dose subcutaneous injection of rhGH 0.40 mg/(kg·week) as the high dose group,and the course of treatment was 14 months.Growth relovity (GV),height standard deviation integral (HtSDS),bone age and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups after treatment. Results The differences of height(107.4±6.85 vs. 126.7±7.15),GV (7.45±1.09 vs. 11.68±1.37)and HtSDS(-0.96±0.43 vs. -0.64±0.52) index between high dose group and low dose group were significant (P<0.05);There were no significant differences on bone age,the number of cases of redness and swelling,and pain between the two groups (all P>0.05),and the symptoms counld resolve spontaneously. Conclusion RhGH has significant effect on the treatment of ISS,and the efficacy of high-dose rhGH is better than that of low-dose rhGH.