Objective To analyze the distribution and change trend of neonatal diseases,and to grasp the neonatal disease constitution rule. Method Neonatal cases admitted from 2013 to 2015 in Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Weinan were analyzed. Results A total of 7 531 cases were enrolled,and the top three of the diseases in turn were neonatal pneumonia,neonatal bilirubin hematic disease,neonatal sepsis.The prevelance rates of neonates who were cesarean deliveried and sick from 2013 and 2015 showed a downward trend (χ²=28.000,45.128,P<0.05),but the rates of the early premature and low birth weight were increased (χ²=15.011,25.805,P<0.05),The prevelance of neonatal pneumonia,neonatal high blood bilirubin,meconium inhaled syndrome had lower trend (χ²=15.011,15.011,15.011,P<0.05);neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) had increased (χ²=16.902,P<0.05). Conclusions Pneumonia,high bilirubin hematic disease,sepsis arel major diseases in neonates,and the increasing prevecance of NRDS needs to pay more attention to.It is crucial to strengthen the health education in the perinatal period,to give timely diagonosis and timely treatment,to improve the technical level of professionals in order to reduce neonatal diseases.