Objective To investigate the correlation between serum vitamin A,D,E levels and mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,and to provide guidance for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 415 cases of children hospitalized with mycoplasma pneumonia were selected as mycoplasma pneumonia group,and 431 children from child healthcare department without respiratory tract infection were selected as control group.The serum vitamin A,D,E in two groups were detected. Results The average levels of serum vitamin A,D and E in mycoplasma pneumonia group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01);The cases of vitamin A deficiency in mycoplasma pneumonia group were more than that in control group (P<0.01).There was no significant difference on the cases of subclinical vitamin A deficiency between two groups (P>0.05);The cases lack of vitamin D and vitamin D deficiency in mycoplasma pneumonia group were significantly more than those in the control group (P<0.01);The cases of vitamin E deficiency was more than that in control group significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion Vitamin A,D,E deficiency,especially lack of vitamin D,are associated with the mycoplasma pneumonia.Supplementation of vitamin A,D,E may prevent recurrent pneumonia mycoplasma pneumonia,and the specific mechanism still needs to be further explored.