Objective To analyze the influencing factors of anemia among infants and young children in complementary food supplement(Yingyangbao,YYB) intervention areas,so as to provide scientific reference for the improvement of anemia. Methods A total of 19 522 infants and young children aged 6 to 23 months were selected in this study in 2015 by multistage sampling,probability proportional to size sampling and random equidistant sampling methods from the YYB intervention areas. Anemia was determined by hemoglobin measurement. Information about caregivers,nutrition knowledge,YYB intake situation and feeding during the last 24 hours were investigated by questionnaire. The indicators to assess feeding practice were calculated. Multi non-conditional Logistic regression model was used to analyze factors associated with anemia. Results The anemia rate of surveyed children was 30.0%(5 883/19 552). In the non-anemic group,about 81.9% of the infant caregivers received junior high school education or above,and the nutritional knowledge accuracy rate was 42.4%,which were both significantly higher than those of the anemic group(P<0.05). For the non-anemic infants and young children,the duration of YYB intake was approximately(7.37±4.76) months,which was significantly longer than that of the anemic group. Besides,the minimum dietary diversity rate,the minimum meal frequency rate and the minimum acceptable diet rate were 69.2%,68.0% and 41.9%,respectively,significantly better than those of the anemic children. Logistic regression analysis showed that infants′ gender(OR= 0.918,95% CI:0.856-0.985,P=0.017),age(OR=0.947,95%CI:0.936-0.958,P＜0.001),education level of caregivers(OR=0.772,95%CI:0.742-0.804,P＜0.001),correct nutrition knowledge(OR=0.995,95%CI:0.993-0.997,P＜0.001),minimum dietary diversity(OR=1.128,95%CI:1.044-1.219,P=0.002),minimum dietary frequency(OR=0.984,95%CI:0.973-0.995,P＜0.005),and YYB intake duration(OR=0.984,95%CI:0.973-0.995,P＜0.001) were all associated factors with anemia. Conclusion Continuous and effective YYB intake,popularization of nutrition knowledge and improvement of education and feeding practice would contribute to control the prevalence of anemia among infants and young children in poor areas of China.