Objective To analyze the causes and characteristics of unintentional injuries among children,so as to provide scientific basis for prevention of the preschool children injury. Methods A total of 482 cases of children with unintentional injuries in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were enrolled in this study from August 2014 to August 2016.The characteristics and causes of the unintentional injuries were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among 482 cases of children with unintentional injuries,the proportion of preschool children was 42.1%(203/482),which was significantly higher than that in other age groups(P<0.001).Fall injury accounted for 81.8% (18/22) and 49.3%(100/203) among infancy and preschool children,whereas play injury accounted for 63.0% (80/127) and 60.8% (79/130) among early-school and mid-school children,which was significantly higher than other injury types(P<0.001).Oral and maxillofacial injuries accounted for 68.2% (15/22) and 44.8% (91/203) among infancy and preschool children,whereas limb injuries accounted for 59.1%(75/127) and 60.8%(79/130) among early-school and mid-school children,which was significantly higher than other parts injuries(P<0.001).Among traffic accident injuries,98.0% (48/49) were complicated with fracture or organ damage,93.9% (46/49) were severe injuries,and the average cost of treatment was 21 038.4 yuan per person.The degree of injury and the average cost of treatment in traffic accident injuries were higher than those in other injury types. Conclusions Since the causes and characteristics of unintentional injuries among children are closely related to ages,targeted prevention and intervention measures should be carried out according to the age of children.