Objective To determine whether transcutaneous bilirubin measurements(TcB) before and during phototherapy consist with total serum bilirubin(TSB) levels,in order to provide reference for the bilirubin monitoring during phototherapy. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted on full-term neonates requiring phototherapy and TSB measurements from March 2017 to May 2018.TcB measurement was collected within 3 minutes of blood for TSB measurements.The consistency of TcB and TSB was analyzed by Bland-Altman method. Results A total of 239 neonates were included,with the gestational age of (38.3±1.2) weeks and birth weight of (3.1±0.23)kg.Before starting phototherapy,the levels of TSB and TcB were (221.3±32.8) μmol/L and (227.5±33.9)μmol/L,respectively.During phototherapy,the levels of TSB and TcB were (188.6±35.2) μmol/L and (185.9±32.6) μmol/L,respectively.The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that before starting phototherapy the mean difference between TSB and TcB was (6.7±21.4) μmol/L (95% CI:-27.9-41.2)μmol/L,which was(-2.7±20.7)μmol/L (95% CI:-42.4-37.1)μmol/L during phototherapy. Conclusion The consistency between TcB measurement and TSB measurement is satisfying,indicating that both of them can be used to monitor bilirubin levels during phototherapy in jaundiced term infants.