Objective To observe the intervention efficacy of behavior-structure-relationship (BSR) model for children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in short-term hospitalization,in order to provide reference for improving the prognosis of ASD children. Methods A total of 141 ASD children aged 2－6 years were divided into treatment group and control group from December 2015 to December 2016. Children in treatment group were trained in short-term courses with the BSR model 6 hours each day for 1 month,and the training courses included individual tutoring,game lessons,sports classes as well as music lessons. While children in control group were in waiting session at the same period. Both groups were evaluated to assess changes in all aspects of competence by Psychoeducational Profile (third edition) (PEP-3) before and after BSR intervention/waiting session. Results There was no significant difference on the raw score between the two groups before intervention,while the significant differences were found on the raw scores of cognition,language comprehension,imitation,emotional expression,social interaction,behavioral characteristics (non-verbal) and adaptive behavior after intervention between the two groups (t=2.41,2.02,4.14,3.69,4.42,2.69,2.96,P<0.05).However,there was no significant differences on the raw scores of small muscles,large muscles and self-care (t=－1.13,－1.05,－0.84,P>0.05). Conclusion The BSR intervention model can improve the prognosis of ASD children with short-term hospitalization effectively,may be a promising way for ASD treatment.