Objective To examine the association between sleep arrangements and sleep quality in preschool children,in order to provide scientific evidence to guide parenting practices of child sleep arrangement. Methods Totally 139 children aged 4-6 years were enrolled in this study from March 2017 to February 2018. The self-designed questionnaire and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) were used to measure the sleep quality.Chi-square test,one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression models were used to examine whether sleep quality was affected by sleep arrangement. Results Compared with children who slept in the same bed with their family members,children who slept in the same room with their family members but in a different bed (β=-3.23) and slept alone (β=-2.06) had lower bedtime resistance. Children who slept alone had more problems with sleep duration (β=0.98) and night waking (β=0.51),but less sleep anxiety (β=-1.20) than children who slept in the same bed with their family members. In addition,children who slept in the same room with their family but in different beds and slept alone had similar night and day sleeping durations with children who slept with their family members. Conclusions Compared with children who slept with their family members,children who slept alone have lower bedtime resistance and sleep anxiety,but have more problems with sleep duration and night waking. Children who slept with their family members but in different bed have lower bedtime resistance.