Objective To analyze the prevalence of obesity, overweight and related nutritional behaviors among primary and secondary school students in the suburb of Beijing in 2015 and 2017, in order to provide evidence for effective intervention measures. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method at the proportion of 5% was used to select 3 rural districts in Beijing.And two classes for every grade from grade 3-5 of the primary schools and grade 1-2 for both middle schools and high schools.Totally of 3 833 students were investigated.Information such as weight, height, nutrition and food intake, water intake as well as nutritional knowledge was involved in questionnaires. Results The overall obesity rate of primary and secondary school students was 12.9%, and the overweight rate was 14.2%.And significant difference on obesity rate existed between boys and girls(17.00% vs.8.43%, χ²=57.270, P=0.001).Moreover, obesity rate in 2017 was higher than that in 2015(14.77% vs.11.33%, χ²=10.001, P=0.001).Only 72.89% of the students had breakfast at least six days every week, and 16.54% reported that they did not have enough food for breakfast.31.02% often had sugary drinks,20.90% reported having water less than 1 000 ml of every day.Totally 355(13.05%) primary students,114(20.14%) of middle school students and 128(23.40%)high school students had appropriate attitude for food additives.And students who had wrong attitude for food additives were much more in high grade(χ²=47.622, P=0.001).Also,8.91%(88/988) of the overweight or obese students had ever taken weight-reducing pills and 6.87%(181/2 636) of the normal-weight or underweight students had also ever taken the pills. Conclusion Obesity in suburban students is increasing prevalent, so individualized nutrition intervention should be the priorities of the future work.