Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors for neurodevelopment of high-risk infants,in order to provide implications for pregnancy education and improving the diagnosis and treatment of high-risk infants. Methods A cross-sectional survey with cluster sampling was adopted from March 2016 to October 2017. Totally 603 high-risk infants and caregivers from three Maternal and Child Health (MCH) hospitals in Shanghai were selected as participants,questionnaire surveys and Gesell Development Diagnostic Tests were carried out. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of neuropsychological development. Results A total of 603 high-risk infants were investigated in this study,with an average age of (6.69±3.53) months,of which 305 (50.6%) were boys and 298 (49.4%) were girls. The abnormal rates of motor development,cognition development,language development and person-skills development were 10.0%,14.9%,12.1%,and 8.5%,respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that premature birth,low birth weight infants,neonatal pneumonia,occasional alcohol intake during pregnancy and maternal emotional stress during pregnancy were risk factors for motor development. Low birth weight infants,occasional alcohol intake during pregnancy were risk factors for cognition development. Premature birth,occasional alcohol intake during pregnancy and father's emotional stress were risk factors for language development. Premature birth and occasional alcohol intake during mother's pregnancy were risk factors for person-skills development. Conclusions Preterm infants and low birth weight infants should be given more concern on their neurodevelopment. Occasional alcohol and parents' emotional stress have negative effect on neurodevelopment.