Objective To explore the effect of health education on children iron deficiency,and to provide a basis for more effective prevention and treatment of iron deficiency in children. Methods A total of 646 children diagnosed with iron deficiency from January 2014 to December 2015 were selected,and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group(323 cases per group).The control group received traditional health education,while the experimental group received the intersive health education.The awareness rate,re-examination rate,average serum ferritin level and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The rates of awareness of disease,drug treatment control,correct method of feeding,poor eating behavior correction,feeding behavior,knowing relevant attention to matters in experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001).Furthermore,the re-examination rate of experimental group was obviously higher than that in control group (χ²=61.297,P<0.001).Also,the average serum ferritin levels of two groups also had significant differences (U=16.434,P<0.0001),and there was significant difference on patient's satisfaction between the two groups (χ²=44.741,P<0.001). Conclusion The intensive health education can help patients effectively know about the effects of iron deficiency on children health and the drug treatment-related knowledge,realize the importance of regular re-examination and reasonable diet.Consequently,children's bad feeding behaviors and eating habits will be effectively corrected,and the effect of health education and patient's satisfaction will be significantly improved.