Objective To compare the effect of breastfeeding quality improvement on the lactation in very low birth weight (VLBW) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between improvement group and stable improvement group. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the lactation of the VLBW mothers and these mother's own milk feeding in NICU.Patients admitted from August 2015 to January 2016 were assigned to the quality improvement group(QI group)and those admitted from February 2016 to July 2016 were assigned to the stable quality improvement group(SQI group).The parameters including condition of daily lactation (daily number of pumping or hand expressing,daily breast milk volume,days to reach the daily milk output ≥350 ml,number of the mothers for reach the daily milk output ≥350 ml in 7 days ),and condition of mother's own milk feeding (the rate and the volume of mother's own milk feeding). Results Compared with the QI group,the daily number of pumpings,daily milk output,and the mother's own milk feeding rate and amount all increased significantly in the SQI group (P<0.05).The mothers in the SQI group significantly shortened the time of daily milk output reaching 350 ml and increased the number of mothers of daily milk output≥350 ml (P<0.05). Conclusion High quality breastfeeding quality improvement measures can increase the condition of the lactation and the mother's own milk feeding for VLBW in the NICU.