Objective To analyze the physical growth situation of the children with thalassemia parents in Hainan rural area,and to promote the health development for children. Methods A total of 245 children with thalassemia parents in Hainan rural area were inquired and made physical examinations.The results evaluated on the exam were compared with the reference standards. Results The prevalence rates of growth retardation,underweight and marasmus in 245 boys and girls were 6.4% vs 24.1%,26.2% vs 9.6%,and 29.8% vs 24% respectively.There was no significant difference on these indexes between boys and girls.There were 3 cases of overweight and no obesity.The overall prevalence rates of growth retardation,underweight and marasmus were 7.8%,26.5%,and 25.3%,respectively.Totally 202(82.4%) children took thalassemia gene.The Hb average value of the medium type of α-thalassemia group was the lowest (87.8±8.7)g/L,with the significant difference of (116.8±16.31) g/L to the Hb average value for no-thalassemia group. Conclusions The prevalence of malnutrition in children with thalassemia parents in Hainan rural area is higher,which is closely related to the severity of anemia and gene deficiency or mutation.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the guidance for health promotion in child with thalassemia,and to improve their health growing level.